![]() BursaeĪ bursa is a small sac lined by synovial membrane, and filled with synovial fluid.īursae are located at key points of friction in a joint. Fig 2 - The extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint ileofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments. ![]() This resists any extreme movements that may damage the joint. They consist of bundles of dense regular connective tissue, which is highly adapted for resisting strain. The accessory ligaments are separate ligaments or parts of the joint capsule. It has three primary functions:Īrticular cartilage is relatively avascular, and is reliant upon the passive diffusion of nutrients from the synovial fluid.Īccessory Structures of a Synovial Joint Accessory Ligaments The synovial fluid is located within the joint cavity of a synovial joint. The articular cartilage has two main roles: (i) minimising friction upon joint movement, and (ii) absorbing shock. the surfaces that directly contact each other as the bones move) are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage. The articulating surfaces of a synovial joint (i.e. Fig 1 - The basic structures of a synovial joint. It absorbs and secretes synovial fluid, and is responsible for the mediation of nutrient exchange between blood and joint. Synovial layer (inner) - a highly vascularised layer of serous connective tissue.Fibrous layer (outer) - consists of white fibrous tissue, known the capsular ligament. It holds together the articulating bones and supports the underlying synovium.The articular capsule surrounds the joint and is continuous with the periosteum of articulating bones. The three main features of a synovial joint are: (i) articular capsule, (ii) articular cartilage, (iii) synovial fluid. In this article we shall look at the anatomy of a synovial joint - the joint capsule, neurovascular structures and clinical correlations. It is the most common type of joint found in the human body, and contains several structures which are not seen in fibrous or cartilaginous joints. ![]() This condition usually affects joints that support full body weight, such as the hips and the knees.Īrthritis can also come about through other causes, including (i) as a result of infection, due to the ease with which blood (and any associated bacteria) can enter the joint cavity via the synovial membrane (ii) due to autoinflammatory causes, as in rheumatoid arthritis, or (iii) as a result of infection but not involving infection of the joint itself, as in reactive arthritis.Ī synovial joint is characterised by the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule. This results in the decreased effectiveness of articular cartilage as a shock absorber and lubricated surface, as well as the roughened edges causing further damage.Īs a result of this degeneration, repeated friction can cause symptoms of joint pain, stiffness and discomfort. The changes which occur are irreversible and degenerative. It stems from heavy use of articular joints over the course of many years, which can result in the wearing away of articular cartilage, and often the erosion of the underlying articulating surfaces of bones as well. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint inflammation (arthritis).
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